Petroleum and natural gas are the major sources of aliphatic hydrocarbon while coal is an important source of aromatic hydrocarbons. So aromatic is used for series containing benzene ring. The notes on hydrocarbons of class 11 chemistry have been prepared with great care keeping in mind the effectiveness of it for the students. Aromatic compounds and aromaticity section 14 of organic chemistry notes is 11 pages in length page 141 through page 1411 and covers all youll need to know on the following lecturebook topics. Visit, hydrocarbons class 11 notes to learn about the different types of hydrocarbons along with examples. Lecture handouts organic chemistry i chemistry mit. Aromatic compounds are generally apolar, and therefore they are not miscible with water. However, benzene does undergo addition reactions in contrast to unsaturated hydrocarbons, although it mainly undergoes substitution reactions. Pdf read jh sir physical chemistry notes for class 11 jee feb 12, 2020. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. In addition, a recent monograph on general heterocyclic.
This article provides the revision notes of the hydrocarbons chapter of class 11 for the students so that they can give a quick glance at the chapter. The important fuels like petrol, kerosene, coal gas, cng, lpg etc. You will find two pages dealing with the bonding in benzene. Pdf on may 11, 2018, dr sumanta mondal and others published. Youve supercharged your research process with acs and mendeley. Organic chemistry notes aromatic compounds and aromaticity. Heterocyclic chemistry is the branch of chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and applications of heterocycles. This textbook aims to provide a comprehensive set of basic notes in organic chemistry, which will be suitable for undergraduate students taking chemistry, chemistry related. Download chapternotes pdf chapter 11 the pblock elements group general introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element of the group, boron physical and chemical properties, some important compounds, borax, boric acid, boron. This classification now has a chemical meaning aromaticity is associated with a special stability resulting from structure. This website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for.
The dashed lines inside the hexagon in the resonance hybrid of benzene. These are the hydrocarbons class 11 notes chemistry prepared by team of expert teachers. The structure of benzene in the resonance hybrid, the six electrons from the three. Iit jee handwritten notes pdf for class 11 and class12 chemistry chemical bonding.
Aromatic hydrocarbons are defined by having 6membered ring structures with alternating double bonds fig 8. Aromatic compounds have unusual stability that goes far beyond what is predicted by simple resonance stabilization it is unreactive in reactions that you would. Aromaticity and electrophilic aromatic substitution. Some of them are unreactive, so they are used as solvents for other nonpolar compounds. Introduction 2 historical name, based on smell, no relation to sturcture nomenclature of benzene derivatives. Topics in our organic chemistry basics and hydrocarbons notes pdf. Aromaticity reactions of benzene and substituted benzenes format.
The readings column refers to relevant sections in the course textbook, l. The books shown below are recommended by teachers and students. Nomenclature the root word for benzene derivative is benzene in both iupac and common. Form elemental analysis and molecular mass determination, it was found that the molecular formula of benzene is c 6 h 6 indicating high unsaturation. Download the chemistry notes for class 11 chapter available on byjus by clicking here. Benzene and its alkyl substituted homologues are known as aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes.
Pharmaceutical chemistry b pharmacy second year notes d pharmacy material pdf what are local anaesthetics. The unique stability of these compounds is referred to as aromaticity. Pdf download resonance chemistry inorganic hand written. Chemistry department of chemistry, university of nairobi, p. This article is on the hydrocarbons class 11 notes of chemistry. Download in free pdf hydrocarbons are composed of carbon and hydrogen. Local anaesthetics local anesthetics are drugs which produce insensitivity in a limited area around the site of application or injection of the drug by preventing generation and conduction of impulses along nerve fibers and nerve. Organic chemistry university of california riverside. This section contains notes used to supplement the lectures for the course.
These cyclic hydrocarbons with alternating double and single carbon carbon. In a more specific, chemical sense, aromatic compounds are defined as those which meet the following. Compounds from fused benzene or aromatic heterocyclic rings are themselves aromatic naphthalene. Although the term aromatic originally concerned odour, today its use in chemistry is restricted to. Sarah tabacco, while the second half of the lectures. Aromatic hydrocarbons contain the 6membered benzene ring structure a that is characterized by alternating double bonds.
If you switch to a different device, you may be asked to login again with only your acs id. Benzene and its derivatives, many of which possess fragrance aroma. Benzene has the molecular formula c 6 h 6 and is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon. The carbon atoms in benzene are linked by six equivalent. Huckels rule is strictly for monocyclic aromatic compound, its application to polycyclic aromatic compounds is tenuous. Hydrocarbons class 11 notes chemistry mycbseguide cbse. This is likely to take you some time because you will probably have to follow.
Aromatic hydrocarbon an overview sciencedirect topics. Reactions of aromatic compounds part 2 bsc chemistry notes. Benzene, in fact, is a common solvent used in the lab, although chemists always try to. According to new fact, aromatic is associated with chemical stability rather than aroma. Aromatic compounds and aromaticity solomons 6 edition. You will find a link to the second page at the bottom of the first one. Pdf download pradeep kshetrapal sir genius notes feb, 2020. Benzene has been known since 1825 when it was first isolated by michel faraday.
Video tutorials created by a students covering the new ocr, aqa and edexcel spec are a great way to consolidate your revision and prepare you for your exams. Aromatic compounds are unsaturated compounds having alternate double and single bonds in one or. Some lecture notes apply to multiple class sessions. These aromaticity notes handwritten notes pdf class notes is printed with a highquality printer so that visible quality should be the best. Z is used if the higher priority substituents on each c are on the same side of the double bond.
Cliffsnotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what youre studying, cliffsnotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Get article recommendations from acs based on references in your mendeley library. Heterocyclic compoundsare organic compounds that contain a ring structure containing atoms in addition to carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen, as the heteroatom. Aromatic compounds facts alevel chemistry revision notes. Our organic chemistry notes are actual, perfectlyneat, handwritten notes that have helped thousands of students obtain the organic chemistry help they need. Benzene and aromatic compounds organic chemistry hypertext. Aromatic chemistry aromaticity alevel chemistry revision notes. Chemical reactions of aromatic compounds include electrophilic substitution, nucleophilic. Pdf organic chemistry basics and hydrocarbons notes download. Aromatic, antiaromatic, homoaromatic and non aromatic compounds. Aromatic compound, any of a large class of unsaturated chemical compounds characterized by one or more planar rings of atoms joined by covalent bonds of two different kinds. All of the organic substances we have looked at so far have been aliphatic.
Aromatic hydrocarbons arenes there are two major classes of organic chemicals aliphatic. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions i reactions of benzene. Download organic chemistry notes for immediate use. Chapter 11 alkohols,phenols and ethers past papers short questions solved of bahawalpur board,dg khan. In these organic chemistry basics and hydrocarbons notes pdf, you will study the recapitulation of fundamentals of organic chemistry and the introduction of a new concept of visualizing the organic molecules in a threedimensional space. Instant notes organic chemistry pdf notes free download. All of the organic substances we have looked at so far have been aliphatic benzene belongs to the aromatic class. Aromatic compounds are unsaturated compounds having alternate double and single bonds in one or more planar rings of atoms benzene, a hexagon, is the simplest aromatic compound aromatic compounds have delocalized electrons called pi electrons that provide overall stability to these compounds criteria for aromaticity includes that the compound is planar, cyclic. Ultradur, pbt is a plastic polymer that contains an aromatic functional group. Pharmaceutical chemistry b pharmacy second year notes d. Download revision notes for hydrocarbons class 11 notes chemistry and score high in exams.
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